This reference list includes research studies that have investigated the relationship between Magnet Environments and Patient, Nurse, and/or Organizational outcomes. In general, findings have consistently demonstrated an association between Magnet Characteristics and favorable Nurse or Patient outcomes. Evidence linking Magnet Environments to the quality of Patient Care is promising but limited in that the majority of the research to date has relied upon cross-sectional survey research with Nurse Perceptions of Care quality as the measure of Patient outcomes. The most common approaches to measuring Magnet Characteristics have been to include ANCC Magnet-recognized Organizations in the study sample or to administer a version of the Nursing Work Index survey, which was initially developed to characterize a Magnet Environment.
For a recent literature review, see Chapter 46 (Magnet Environments for Professional Nursing Practice) at www.ahrq.gov/qual/Nurseshdbk/ in AHRQ's publication Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. (Publication No. 08-0043, edited by RG Hughes, Rockville, MD: Agency for HealthCare Research and Quality, April 2008).
ANCC cannot provide copies of any articles listed here.
References
Aiken LH, Clarke SP, Sloane DM, Lake ET , Cheney T. Effects of Hospital Care Environment on Patient Mortality and Nurse Outcomes. J Nurs Adm. 2008 May; 38(5): 223-9.
Aiken LH, Havens DS, Sloane DM. The Magnet Nursing Services Recognition Program. Am J Nurs. 2000 Mar;100(3):26-35.
Armstrong KJ, Laschinger H. Structural Empowerment, Magnet Hospital Characteristics, and Patient Safety Culture: Making the Link. J Nurs Care Qual. 2006 Apr-Jun;21(2):124-32.
Armstrong K, Laschinger H, Wong C. Workplace Empowerment and Magnet Hospital Characteristics as Predictors of Patient Safety Climate. J Nurs Care Qual. 2009 Jan-Mar;24(1):55-62.
Clarke SP. Hospital Work Environments, Nurse Characteristics, and Sharps Injuries. Am J Infect Control. 2007 Jun;35(5):302-9.
Brady-Schwartz DC. Further Evidence on the Magnet Recognition Program: Implications for Nursing Leaders. J Nurs Adm 2005 Sep;35(9):397-403.
Friese CR, Lake ET , Aiken LH, Silber JH, Sochalski J. Hospital Nurse Practice Environments and Outcomes for Surgical Oncology Patients. Health Serv Res. 2008 Aug;43(4):1145-63.
Friese CR. Nurse Practice Environments and Outcomes: Implications for Oncology Nursing. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2005 Jul 1;32(4):765-72.
Gardner JK, Fogg L, Thomas-Hawkins C, Latham CE. The Relationships Between Nurses' Perceptions of the Hemodialysis Unit Work Environment and Nurse Turnover, Patient Satisfaction, and Hospitalizations. Nephr Nurs J. 2007 May-Jun;34(3):271-81.
Havens, DS. Comparing Nursing Infrastructure and Outcomes: ANCC Magnet and Non-Magnet CNE's Report. Nursing Econ. 2001;Nov-Dec;19(6):258-66.
Hughes LC, Chang Y, Mark BA. Quality and Strength of Patient Safety Climate on Medical-Surgical Units. Health Care Manage Rev. 2009;34(1):19-28.
Lacey SR, Cox KS, Lorfing KC, Teasley SL, Carroll CA , Sexton K. Nursing Support, Workload, and Intent to Stay in Magnet, Magnet-aspiring, and Non-Magnet Hospitals. J Nurs Adm. 2007 Apr;37(4):199-205.
Laschinger HKS. Effect of Empowerment on Professional Practice Environments, Work Satisfaction, and Patient Care Quality: Further testing the Nursing Worklife Model. J Nurs Care Qual. 2008 Oct-Dec:23(4):322-30.
Laschinger HK, Almost J, Tuer-Hodes D. Workplace Empowerment and Magnet Hospital Characteristics: Making the Link. J Nurs Adm. 2003 Jul-Aug;33(7-8):410-22.
Laschinger HKS, Leiter MP. The Impact of Nursing Work Environments on Patient Safety Outcomes: the Mediating Role of Burnout/Engagement. J Nurs Adm. 2006 May;36(5):259-67.
Laschinger HKS, Finegan JE, Shamian J, Wilk P. A Longitudinal Analysis of the Impact of Workplace Empowerment on Work Satisfaction. J Org Behav 2004 Jun;25(4):527-45.
Laschinger HKS, Shamian J, Thomson D. Impact of Magnet Hospital Characteristics on Nurses' Perceptions of Trust, Burnout, Quality of Care, and Work Satisfaction. Nurs Econ 2001 Sep-Oct;19(5):209-219.
Manojlovich M. Linking the Practice Environment to Nurses' Job Satisfaction Through Nurse-Physician Communication. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2005;37(4):367-73.
Manojlovich M, DeCicco B. Healthy Work Environments, Nurse-Physician Communication, and Patients' Outcomes. Am J Crit Care. 2007 Nov;16(6):536-43.
Manojlovich M, Laschinger H. The Nursing Worklife Model: Extending and Refining a New Theory. J Nurs Manag. 2007 Apr;15(3):256-63.
Rondeau KV, Wagar TH. Nurse and Resident Satisfaction in Magnet Long-Term Care Organizations: Do High Involvement Approaches Matter? J Nurs Manag. 2006 Apr;14(3):244-50.
Schmalenberg C, Kramer M. Essentials of a Productive Nurse Work Environment. Nurs Res. 2008 Jan-Feb; 57(1):2-13.
Siu H, Laschinger HKS, Finegan J. Nursing Professional Practice Environments: Setting the Stage for Constructive Conflict Resolution and Work Effectiveness. J Nurs Adm. 2008 May;38(5):250-7.
Smith H, Tallman R, Kelly K. Magnet Hospital Characteristics and Northern Canadian Nurses' Job Satisfaction. Nurs Leadersh (Tor Ont) [Can J Nurs Leadersh]. 2006 Sep;19(3):73-86.
Stone PW, Gershon RR. Nurse Work Environments and Occupational Safety in Intensive Care Units. Policy Polit Nurs Prac. 2006 Nov;7(4):240-7.
Stone PW, Larson EL, Mooney-Kane C, Smolowitz J, Lin SX, Dick AW. Organizational Climate and Intensive Care Unit Nurses' Intention to Leave. Crit Care Med. 2006:Jul;34(7):1907-12.
Stone PW, Mooney-Kane C, Larson EL, Pastor DK, Zwanziger J, Dick AW. Nurse Working Conditions, Organizational Climate, and Intent to Leave in ICUs: An Instrumental Variable Approach. Health Serv Res 2007 Jun;42(3 Pt 1):1085-104.
Stone PW, Mooney-Kane C, Larson EL, Horan T, Glance LG, Zwanziger J, Dick AW. Nurse Working Conditions and Patient Safety Outcomes. Med Care 2007 Jun;45(6):571-8.
Thomas-Hawkins C, Denno M, Currier H, Wick G. Staff Nurses' Perceptions of the Work Environment in Freestanding Hemodialysis Facilities. Nephrol Nurs J. 2003 Aug;30(4):377-86. [Previously published Apr:30(2):169-78.]
Tigert JA, Laschinger HK. Critical Care Nurses' Perceptions of Workplace Empowerment, Magnet Hospital Traits and Mental Health. Dynamics. 2004 Winter;15(4):19-23.
Ulrich BT, Buerhaus PI, Donelan K, Norman L, Dittus R. Magnet Status and Registered Nurse Views of the Work Environment and Nursing as a Career. J Nurs Adm. 2007 May;37(5):212-20.
Ulrich BT, Woods D, Hart KA, Lavandero R, Leggett J, Taylor D. Critical Care Nurses' Work Environments: Value of Excellence in Beacon Units and Magnet Organizations. Crit Care Nurse 2007 Jun;27(3):68-77.
Wade GH, Osgood B, Avino K, Bucher G, Bucher L, Foraker T, French D, Sirkowski C. Influence of Organizational Characteristics and Caring Attributes of Managers on Nurses' Job Enjoyment. J Adv Nurs. 2008 Nov; 64(4):344-53.